DAVID AND ISH-BOSHETH. KING OF ALL ISRAEL. PHILISTINES. SPECIAL HELPERS. A PSALM.MEPHIBOSHETH. 

‍

WE CONTINUE our study of David as a type of Bro. Russell with 2 Sam. 2:1, since our last study of this subject ended with the consideration of 2 Sam. 1:27. In this connection let us remember that, while our study hitherto was mainly on David as typing our Pastor in his relations to the nominal church, from 2 Sam. 2:1 on it is mainly on David as typing our Pastor in his relations to the Truth people. It was from Oct., 1874 to about Jan., 1876 that Bro. Russell was weighing the thought of associating himself with consecrated brethren of a mind like his own, and was diligently consulting the Lord's Spirit, Word and providence on this subject (enquired of the Lord … go up … Judah, v. 1). These three things encouraged him so to do (Go up). When early in 1876 he received a copy of Bro. Barbour's Herald Of The Morning; and when, as a result, he had entered into some correspondence with him on the manner of the Lord's return, he recognized that the Lord directed him to seek fellowship among brethren associated with Bro. Barbour, i.e., Bros. Paton, Keith, Mann, Adams, Jones, etc. (Whither … Hebron, friendship). This friendly cooperative association among the harvest leaders (Hebron) began, and that, first of all, between Bros. Russell and Barbour, May 1, 1876, at Philadelphia, where Bro. Russell had just opened a store, to take advantage of the good business opportunities offered by the Centennial Exposition, May 10—Nov. 10, and where he had arranged with Bro. Barbour to spend a number of months with him in mutually beneficial evening study of the object, manner and time of our Lord's return. As time went on 

The Parousia Messenger (Vol. 2). 

94 

this friendly cooperative association took in other leaders, some of the main ones of whom were mentioned above. These formed the nucleus of the pilgrims as a group (Ahinoam, v. 2), later to be developed into the People's Pulpit Association, and of the brethren who later developed into the Society (Abigail, v. 2). These became Bro. Russell's supporters, who, recognizing him as leader, brought their own supporters and ecclesias into the harvest movement in this friendly cooperative association of the leaders (men … household … dwelt, v. 3). 

(2) The zeal of these brethren brought others into the Truth; and all of these, the leaders and the led, as loyal Truth brethren, by their choice, help and support added qualifications to Bro. Russell as leader (men of Judah … anointed David, v. 4). These also reported that some (told … men of Jabesh [dry]-Gilead [rocky height], v. 4) were honoring the memory (buried) of the crown-lost leaders (Saul), who that early in the Harvest had begun to receive defeats from infidels. Bro. Russell by his writings (messengers, v. 5) expressed his appreciation of these for their course of devotion and wished them the Divine blessing (the Lord shew, v. 6), as he also by act offered to bring them a blessing (requite you) for their honoring the crown-lost leaders (done this thing). By his writings he encouraged them to be strong and brave (strengthened … valiant, v. 7); and by the act of his writing to them tactfully he offered to become their executive warrior, since they had lost the crown-lost leaders as such (Saul is dead … me king). The crown-lost leaders' chief controversialists (Abner, father of light or lamp, v. 8), in June, 1876, as infidelism was beginning to defeat the first set of crown-lost leaders, took the second set of crown-lost leaders, especially of the Second Adventists (took Ish-bosheth, man of shame), and influenced them to take a double position, part of Advent Truth and part of nominal-church error (Mahanaim, two camps), and made them take the gradually increasing leadership for 

David's Earlier Reign—Type and Antitype. 

95 

the nominal church (king over Gilead … all Israel, v. 9) in its opposition to the harvest movement. These Adventist, etc., crown-lost leaders had been fully tested (forty years old, v. 10) when they were made the nominal-church crown-lost leaders (reign); and for two years they maintained this leadership without a diminishing thereof setting in, until the no-ransomism controversy broke out publicly, June, 1878 (two years). But during this time and later the faithful harvesters were loyal to Bro. Russell as their leader (Judah followed David). The period of Bro. Russell's leadership as executive warrior in the friendly cooperative association of the leading brethren was 7½ years from May 1, 1876 to Oct. 31, 1883 (seven years and six months, v. 11). 

(3) The controversial theologians and the supporters of the Adventist, etc., crown-lost leaders took up a fighting position in the nominal church against the harvest workers (Abner … went to Gibeon, high, v. 12). The leading pilgrims, Bros. Russell, Barbour and Paton (Joab, Jehovah is father; Zeruiah, fragrance of Jehovah, v. 13) went forth with fellow-warriors (servants of David) against these, April 1, 1877, on the subject of the manner (pool) of our Lord's return. The former took the position of a visible return of our Lord, and the latter that of His invisible return (one on the one side … the other on the other side of the pool). The leaders of the visible return by their acts suggested that chosen supporters of each side debate with one another; and to this the leaders of the invisible return consented (Abner said … Joab said, v. 14). A full number from both sides faced each other (twelve of … Ish-bosheth … twelve of … David, v. 15). Each set lay hold on the other's theory (caught every one … head, v. 16) and each set refuted the other set, the former using pertinent A. V. mistranslations, which the latter could not answer, and the latter using correct pertinent Diaglott translations, which the former could not answer, and that because each side 

The Parousia Messenger (Vol. 2). 

96 

lacked the needed Greek knowledge. And thus each set gave up (fell down together); and the debated positions were called strong positions (Helkath-hazzurim, sphere of the strong ones) in the nominal church (Gibeon). Thereupon the controversy increased sorely and resulted in the defeat of the Adventist, etc., warriors and their leaders (sore battle … Abner was beaten … Israel, v. 17). Whenever the three (or two) sons of David's sister Zeruiah are mentioned together, as in v. 18, Joab represents the chief pilgrims as warriors, Abishai (father of a gift) the other pilgrims as warriors and Asahel (work of God) able non-pilgrim warrior brothers, e.g., auxiliary pilgrims and leading elders (sons … Joab, Abishai and Asahel, v. 18). When mentioned alone Abishai and Asahel type two individual pilgrims. The leading elders were very quick in mental grasp and character development (light of foot) which made them too venturesome (wild roe). 

(4) These brethren, the leading elders, who were the equivalents of the later auxiliary pilgrims (Asahel, v. 19), being too venturesome, sought to overthrow the most powerful of the opponents (pursued after Abner), and steadfastly persisted in such efforts (turned not). The leading Adventist, etc., controversialists hinted to them of the fact that they were pursuing such as were too strong for them (Abner … thou Asahel, v. 20), which the latter recognized as true (I am). Then such controversialists kindly entreated them to seek to engage in controversy with those on more equal terms with themselves (turn … lay hold … young men, v. 21) and defeat them, if they could (take … armour). Too self-confident, these leading elders refused to follow this wise advice (Asahel would not). Again these controversialists advised these leading elders to desist from their rash undertaking (Abner said … Turn … following me, v. 22), reasoning with them that the encounter would result in their refutation (wherefore … smite thee) and in these controversialists' being put to a disadvantage in dealing 

David's Earlier Reign—Type and Antitype. 

97 

with the leading pilgrim warriors (how … my face to Joab). Again they refused to heed the leading controversialists' sober advice (refused to turn aside, v. 23), and the latter refuted them with the concluding part of articles on the Second Advent, whose final part treated of its manner, which discussion's arguments pierced them through and through, making them collapse in complete defeat (end of the spear … fifth rib [literally, belly, see A. R. V.] … came out behind him … died), which greatly moved the brethren as they came to that sphere of thought (place … died stood still). This refutation of the leading elders moved the pilgrims, the chief ones (Joab, v. 24) and the subordinate ones (Abishai), to press the controversy against their main controversial opponents, until the Passover of 1878, when the general gospel (sun) call was ending (went down) at the fulness of the Gentiles coming in and at the establishing of the resurrected Church as the Kingdom beyond the vail (hill of Ammah, metropolis), which events preceded the opening of the details of the Bible (Giah, spring), made clear outside the nominal church (way … wilderness of Gibeon). 

(5) The Adventists rallied to the support of the nominal-church chief controversialists (Benjamin … after Abner, v. 25), and as a compact company took the most prominent position in the nominal church in the controversy (one troop … top of an hill). The nominal-church controversialists were by then getting decidedly the worse in the debate, hence began to call upon the main Truth pilgrim warriors (Abner called to Joab, v. 26), pointing out the destructiveness of the controversy, if continued (sword devour for ever), the known bitter feeling resulting from it (knowest … bitterness … end) and the unbrotherliness of it (people return … their brethren), all of which appealed to the main pilgrim warriors for a cessation of the controversy (how long … bid). The leading pilgrim warriors, desiring to win others to the Truth, which could be better done without controversy, solemnly assured the 

The Parousia Messenger (Vol. 2). 

98 

nominal church's main controversialists that had they not requested a cessation of the controversy, it would have been immediately renewed upon the first favorable occasion (Joab … God liveth, unless … spoken … morning … following his brother, v. 27). Thereupon the main pilgrim warriors announced a cessation of the controversy, which ended that phase of the conflict (Joab … trumpet … people … no more … fought, v. 28). The main nominal-church controversialists and their supporters (Abner and his men, v. 29) betook themselves in uncertainty (night) to subjects on ethics (plain), to subjects beyond the curse (Jordan) and to vague, dark subjects (Bithron, ravine), until they reached the twofold condition of the Adventist and other nominal churches (Mahanaim). 

(6) The leading pilgrim warriors after ceasing the controversy gathered the brethren together and learned that certain crown-losers had been worsted in the controversy (Joab … gathered … people … lacked … nineteen men and Asahel [crown-losers, for 20 is a multiple of ten, hence refers to natures lower than the Divine nature], v. 30). But Bro. Russell's supporters refuted many more Adventist and other nominal-church supporters of its main controversial leaders (servants of David … Benjamin, and of Abner's men, v. 31); for such consisted of magnified evil ones of natures lower than the Divine nature (three hundred and three score; 360 = 6X6 [number of evil] X10). The former showed the refuted leading elders due honor (Asahel, and buried him, v. 32) among the class, elders, of whom they were a part (sepulchre of his father), in the teachings of the Word (Bethlehem); then they turned their attention in more or less uncertainty (all night), because of the no-ransomism controversy just breaking out, to the affairs of their friendly cooperation under Bro. Russell's leadership (Joab and his men … came to Hebron), as the pertinent light began to dawn on them (break of day). 

(7) The controversy between the Adventists and 

David's Earlier Reign—Type and Antitype. 

99 

others, on the one hand, and the Truth people, on the other hand, was of long duration (long war … house of Saul … house of David, 2 Sam. 3:1). It resulted in the ever-increasing strengthening of the latter and the ever-increasing weakening of the former (David waxed stronger … Saul waxed weaker). While the leaders under Bro. Russell's milder leadership were in the condition of friendly cooperation in the Lord's work, Bro. Russell developed various branches of the work with their cooperators (unto David were sons born in Hebron, 2; 1 Chron. 3:1). The first of these was the pilgrims (first was Amnon, faithful), as the nucleus of the later developed People's Pulpit Association (Ahinoam, my brother is pleasant; Jezreelitess, seed of God). The second of these was Bro. Russell's main helpers (Chileab, restrained, or Daniel, my judge is God, in allusion to their not being independent as main helpers, 3; 3:1), as the nucleus of the directors of the later developed Society (Abigail, my father is exaltation; Nabal, folly; Carmelite, fruitful). The third of these was Bro. Russell's office helpers, especially their leaders (Absalom, father of peace, ;2), who were the nucleus of the later developed Bible House staff, especially its leaders at the Bible House (Maacah, depression, or lowland, in allusion to their subordination to Bro. Russell; Talmai, furrowy, in allusion to the devious way of the bulk of these; Geshur, bridge, in allusion to their becoming a passage way of siftings). The fourth of these was his helpers in secular matters (Adonijah, my lord is Jehovah, 4; 2), the nucleus of those who became special legal, business, printing and property helpers, assisting in handling business contracts, and his business companies, like the United States Investment Co., the Solon Co., the United Cemeteries Co., etc. (Haggith, festive, in allusion to the joyous character of their secular work, in contrast with that of worldlings' work). The fifth of these was the colporteurs (Shephatiah, Jehovah judges, ;3), whose nucleus was those who colporteured The Three 

The Parousia Messenger (Vol. 2). 

100 

Worlds, Day Dawn (first edition), Food For Thinking Christians and Tabernacle Shadows during the antitypical Hebron period (Abital, my father is a shelter [1 Chro. 3:3 properly omits the words, son of, before Abital, because David was Shephatiah's father, the word for son of, ben, is a self-evident interpolation], in allusion to Bro. Russell's sheltering them in their trials). The sixth of these was the volunteers (Ithream, remnant of the people, in allusion to the fact that all the rest of God's people who were not in the other five branches of the service could take part in this one; Eglah, calf, in allusion to the fact that even the weakest and most immature of God's people could take part in the volunteer work, 5; 3). All six of these sets of workers came at least in nucleus into existence between May, 1876, and Nov., 1883, during the period when Bro. Russell was the leader among a friendly cooperative association of chief leaders (born to David [to him] in Hebron, 5; 4). 

(8) During the period of the controversy over the object, time and manner of our Lord's return between the Truth and nominal-church leaders (war … house of Saul … David, v. 6), the nominal-church controversialists made themselves a power to the crown-lost leaders (Abner … strong … house of Saul). The primary set of crown-lost leaders (Saul, v. 7) cherished the doctrine of Christ's pre-Millennial Advent (concubine), which was a doctrine of ardent dispute and predatory character to the nominal church (Rizpah, hot stone; Aiah, falcon). The secondary crown-lost leaders (Ish-bosheth), associated especially with the Adventists, perhaps in envy of the increasing influence of the main nominal-church controversialists, accused the latter of defiling this doctrine as held by the first set of crown-lost leaders, thinking that in the controversy they had made too many concessions to the Truth arguments (Wherefore … gone in unto my father's concubine?). This charge greatly enraged the accused (Abner very wroth, v. 8). They asked 

David's Earlier Reign—Type and Antitype. 

101 

whether they were so bereft of reason as to show as against the faithful Truth people (dog's head, which against Judah) favor to all having the spirit of the first set of crown-lost leaders, who fathered the second set (kindness … house of Saul thy father), to their associates (brethren) and confidants (friends), even refraining from delivering the second set of crown-lost leaders to Bro. Russell (not delivered thee … David), and yet be charged with defiling the first set of crown-lost leaders' pre-Millennial teachings (fault concerning this woman). Then they solemnly vowed to act in harmony with God's oath to make Bro. Russell the leader of all Truth people, of the most faithful as well as the less faithful (So do God … Lord hath sworn to David, even so I do to him, v. 9), i.e., to do their part in transferring people of God from the leadership of the second set of crown-losers to that of Bro. Russell (translate … from … Saul … throne of David, v. 10) everywhere in Christendom (Dan … Beersheba). This vow, expressed as a threat to the second set of crown-lost leaders, overawed them into silence (could not answer, v. 11), because of their fear of the controversialists' power (feared him). 

(9) Worsted in their arguments in the controversy with the Truth people on the object, manner and time of our Lord's return into recognizing the truthfulness of the latter's pertinent position, and angry at the charge of corrupting the Millennial doctrine of the first set of crown-lost leaders, some of the nominal-church main controversialists got into touch with Bro. Russell by mail (Abner sent messengers to David, v. 12), recognizing that the sphere of the Truth and its Spirit was put into his charge (Whose is the land?), and that they and he come into a cooperative understanding (Make thy league with me), on the basis of which they promised him support (my hand … with thee), to the end that they might bring the consecrated in the nominal church into the Truth under his leadership (all Israel unto thee). Bro. Russell, deeply

The Parousia Messenger (Vol. 2). 

102 

zealous in the harvest work, considered this a worthy thing (he said, Well … league with thee, v. 13) and suggested, as a condition precedent to such a cooperation (one thing I require of thee) and his favor (see my face), that they use their influence with the nominal-church consecrated to procure for him for harvest work purposes, not for infidel-fighting purposes, which he already had at that time, the power of addressing local nominal-church meetings for himself (first bring Michal … my face). Bro. Russell made this known to the second set of crown-lost leaders, as these existed, especially, but not exclusively, in the Adventist Church (messengers to Ish-bosheth, v. 14), asking for the power to address the individual churches for harvest purposes (Deliver me my wife Michal … espoused … hundred … Philistines). This was not only during the campaign from April, 1877, to April, 1878, when the brethren were proclaiming the Lord as present (Matt. 25:6), but also later. This is consistent with the fact, as will be brought out in the exposition of the next chapter, that the second set of crown-lost leaders were refuted, beginning in June, 1878; for that refutation still left them active in the nominal church. Pressed by the main nominal-church controversial leaders, whom the second set of crown-lost leaders by now feared to antagonize, the latter arranged for Bro. Russell to have this power (took her, v. 15) that had been in the hands of the nominal-church evangelists (husband … Phaltiel). This was a great grief to these evangelists, who, reluctant for Bro. Russell to exercise this power, protested against it with much grief (went … along weeping, v. 16), recollecting the days of their early associations (behind her to Bahurim, days of youth). The main nominal-church controversialists, rebuking them, ordered them to give up their protestations and occupy themselves with their own affairs, which they did (Abner … return … returned). 

(10) Early in 1878 these Truth-interested controversialists

David's Earlier Reign—Type and Antitype. 

103 

began to work on leading assistants of theirs to influence them, in view of their past appreciation of Bro. Russell that moved them to desire him as leader, to realize their desire (Abner … elders … David … king, v. 17; now then do it, v. 18), reminding them that God's providence had indicated that by him He would deliver His people from infidelistic sectarians and from all their other opponents (Lord … David … Israel … Philistines … all their enemies). Particularly did they seek so to influence the Adventists (Abner … ears of Benjamin, v. 19). They also spoke in the spirit of friendly cooperation to Bro. Russell of the wishes of the consecrated in the nominal church, especially of those among the Adventists (Abner … ears of David in Hebron … good to Israel … to … Benjamin). They were in spirit united with crown-losers in this errand (Abner … twenty men, v. 20). Bro. Russell set before them a feast of Truth (David made Abner and the men … feast). These controversialists renewed their promise of gathering to him the consecrated in the nominal church, whose leader in covenant with them he would then become (Abner … David … gather all Israel … league … reign, v. 21). Bro. Russell dismissed them in friendliness on this mission (David sent … peace). Thereupon Bro. Russell's supporters, led especially by Bro. Barbour, came to him from their controversy with nominal churchmen, bringing many "grains of wheat" with them, in the spirit of friendly cooperation (servants … Joab … pursuing a troop … great spoil, v. 22), in the absence of the main nominal-church controversialists (Abner was not … Hebron), who were in friendliness sent away on their errand (sent him away … in peace). 

(11) Bro. Barbour, after coming with his co-warriors, learned of Bro. Russell's course with the above-mentioned controversialists (Joab … come, they told Joab, saying, Abner … came to the king … sent … in peace, v. 23). Especially Bro. Barbour remonstrated

The Parousia Messenger (Vol. 2). 

104 

against Bro. Russell's pertinent course, as giving aid to a dangerous spy (Joab … said, What … why … Abner … deceive … know all that thou doest, vs. 24, 25). Unknown to Bro. Russell, after this interview Bro. Barbour got into touch with those controversialists (Joab … from David … messengers after Abner … knew it not, v. 26), as they were studying the Truth on turning brethren aside from Babylon into the Truth (well of Sirah, turning aside). On their returning to the sphere of friendly cooperation (Abner … to Hebron, v. 27), Bro. Barbour treacherously and publicly fell upon them with discourses cutting them off from fellowship, in revenge for their refuting the leading elders (Joab … aside … gate … quietly … smote … died, for … Asahel). On hearing of this, Bro. Russell for himself and his leadership denied responsibility for this act of treachery and revenge (David heard … I and my kingdom are guiltless before the Lord … blood of Abner, v. 28). He desired that its responsibility rest upon Bro. Barbour and upon his special helpers (Joab … father's house, v. 29), and that there should not lack among their sympathizers life-losers unable to bring new ones into the Spirit-begotten condition (not fail … that hath an issue), nor one that is a defiled crown-loser (leper), nor one that limps in conduct (leaneth on a staff), nor one that refutes himself (falleth on the sword), nor one that lacks the Truth as his spiritual food (lacketh bread). Thus Bro. Barbour, as chief of the leading pilgrim warriors involved (Joab, v. 30), and Bro. Adams, as chief of the involved subordinate pilgrim warriors (Abishai), cut off from fellowship those main nominal-church controversialists who were coming into the Truth (slew Abner), in revenge for their refuting the leading elders in controversy with the nominal church (slain … Asahel at Gibeon in the battle). 

(12) Bro. Russell urged Bro. Barbour and his supporters to bewail the deed (David said to Joab

David's Earlier Reign—Type and Antitype. 

105 

… people … with him, Rend … gird … mourn, v. 31). He himself showed great respect for them (David … bier). All showed them respect in the sphere of friendly cooperation (buried Abner in Hebron, v. 32). Bro. Russell was deeply moved at their memory, as were all the other brethren (king … grave … people wept). Bro. Russell passed a sorrowful condemnation on their disfellowshipment (king lamented … said, v. 33), asking whether they should have been disfellowshipped as though they were unbelievers (Died Abner as a fool dieth?). Neither their services (hands, v. 34) nor their conduct (feet) were proven evil, and thus restrained (not bound … put into fetters). Rather they were disfellowshipped as wicked ones disfellowship the innocent (falleth before wicked men, so fellest thou). This made the brethren grieve all the more in sympathy (people wept again). When the brethren sought to refresh Bro. Russell, he refused to accept it, as inappropriate at the time of such nearness to the sad event (people … David to eat meat … yet day, David sware … taste … ought … sun be down, v. 35). The brethren noted this with approval, as they approved all else that he did (people took notice … pleased them … king did pleased all the people, v. 36). Thus the more and less faithful brethren recognized that Bro. Russell partook not in the disfellowshipment (people and all Israel understood … not of the king to slay Abner, v. 37). Bro. Russell asked his supporters whether they did not know that at that time leaders and great brothers had been disfellowshipped among God's people (king said unto his servants, Know … a prince and a great man … in Israel, v. 38). And he deplored the fact that though their chief leader, he was too weak, and Bros. Barbour and Adams were too strong, for him to control them (weak … king … sons of Zeruiah be too hard, v. 39). Yet he knew that the Lord would right this matter in due time (reward … evil … wickedness).

The Parousia Messenger (Vol. 2). 

106 

(13) When the secondary crown-lost leaders learned of this disfellowshipment in the sphere of friendly cooperation (Saul's son heard … dead in Hebron, 2 Sam. 4:1), their powers were feeble and the consecrated were perplexed (hands … Israelites were troubled). The crown-lost leaders had had [so the Hebrew] two prominent warriors, leaders in two groups (had [had] two men … captains of bands, v. 2): H. J. Paton, of Almont, Mich. (Baanah, sorrowful) and N. H. Barbour, of Rochester, N. Y. (Rechab, camel-driver, i.e., literature-writer), both of them very prominent (Rimmon, exalted) as Truth depositaries (Beerothite, one dwelling at wells); for these as depositaries of Truth once belonged to the Adventists (Beeroth, wells, … Benjamin). But these later left off being Truth depositaries and formed two trialsome sects, Barbourites and Patonites (Beerothites fled to Gittaim, two winepresses, v. 3) and remained until death apart from the Adventists and the Truth people (until this day). There was a class among the most faithful consecrated crown-losers (Jonathan … a son, v. 4) whose conduct limped, both as to supreme love to God and equal love to the neighbor (lame of his feet). While they were quite immature the news of the perversion of the first set of crown-lost leaders and their most faithful consecrated supporters came (five years … tidings … Saul and Jonathan … Jezreel). Those who nurtured them, in their distress at the tidings, sought to shield them by flight (nurse … fled). But their cowardice by example brought the latter to a character fall that injured their love for God and man perpetually (haste … fell … lame), but in faith they were creed-repudiators (name was Mephibosheth, idol-destroyer). These were in character much like the second set of crown-lost leaders and to some of the parties that adhered to N. H. Barbour and H. J. Paton, and for this reason are introduced typically into the narrative of this chapter, which treats of sifters and their mischievous work.

David's Earlier Reign—Type and Antitype. 

107 

(14) In their prominence (sons of Rimmon, v. 5) as depositaries of Truth (Beerothite), first N. H. Barbour (Rechab), in 1878, and, second, H. J. Paton (Baanah), in 1881, amid trying experiences (heat of the day) undertook sifting activities toward the position of the second set of crown-lost leaders (house of Ish-bosheth), who were reposing on their creed bed in these testing times (lay on a bed at noon). Each in turn, the first beginning in 1878, the second in 1881, under the pretense that they were bringing advancing Truth as gifts to the second set of crown-lost leaders, especially among the Adventists, intimately (came thither … as though … wheat, v. 6), brought them anti-ransom theories, by which they convinced them that the doctrine of the corresponding-price is an error, and thereby symbolically slew them (smote him in the belly [A.R.V.]). Then Mr. Barbour first and Mr. Paton later left the scene, unscathed by the supporters of these crown-lost leaders (Rechab and Baanah … escaped). For these approached them as friends (came into the house, v. 7) while they were reposing securely on their confused creed view of the ransom as an enforced punishment (lay on his bed in his bedchamber) and convinced them that all views of the ransom as a substitute were erroneous (smote him, and slew him). The former took the latters' pertinent confused theory (beheaded him) and made away with it in total error (took his head, and gat them away … all night). This confused theory they in their publications presented to Bro. Russell as the genuine theory of the ransom (brought the head … David, v. 8), while they were yet associated with him in friendly cooperation (Hebron). And by their erroneous writings they told Bro. Russell that they had by alleged advancing Truth, but in truth by the various error, refuted the confused ransom view of the second set of crown-lost leaders, as those having the same spirit as his enemy, the first set of crown-lost leaders (behold the head … son of Saul thine enemy). 

The Parousia Messenger (Vol. 2). 

108 

They alleged that the Lord had thus avenged him of the two sets of crown-lost leaders (avenged … this day of Saul, and of his seed). 

(15) Bro. Russell's reply to the prominent N. H. Barbour and H. J. Paton, former depositaries of Truth, was a solemn one, asserting God's taking energetic note of their deeds, and was given in the spirit of whole-souled consecration and gratitude for God's past deliverance (David answered … the Lord liveth … redeemed … all adversity, v. 9). Then he showed how when those who thought that they had brought him as good news the tidings of the overthrow of the first set of crown-lost leaders by infidelistic ones (one … saying … dead, thinking … good tidings, v. 10), he greatly disapproved of, and refuted them, while engaging in wide public work (took … slew him in Ziklag), despite their thinking that he would reward them as bringers of acceptable tidings (thought … given him a reward for his tidings). Reasoning from the less to the greater misdeed, Bro. Russell, accusing them of being wicked sifters, Second Deathers (wicked men, v. 11), charged them with misleading guiltless and guileless ones on the pertinent subject, resting in security among their own on their partially true creed bed (have slain a righteous person … house … bed). Then by his act of refuting their anti-ransom doctrines, he declared that he would in punishment refute them and disfellowship them from the society of the Truth people (require his blood … take … earth). In N. H. Barbour's case, in 1878, Bro. Russell had H. J. Paton begin the refutation and disfellowshipment, by firing the first shot, in an article in the Herald of the Morning, at the first one's anti-ransom stand, and this was followed by similar articles by others, including Bro. Russell. In H. J. Paton's case, early in 1882, Bro. Russell had Bro. A. D. Jones fire the opening gun, as can be inferred from Reprints 353, 7, 18-20; thereafter others, including Bro. Russell, joined in the refuting and disfellowshipping work (David commanded 

David's Earlier Reign—Type and Antitype. 

109 

his young men, and they slew them, v. 12). Then they upbraided their wrong services and misconduct (cut off their hands and their feet) and exposed them as evil (hanged them up) over against the Truth on the Ransom in the sphere of friendly cooperation (pool in Hebron). Vindicating the Truth that was in the ransom theory of the second set of crown-lost leaders, inasmuch as it contained the substitution thought, though unclearly (took the head), they sympathetically honored it as they had honored the main controversialists (buried … sepulchre of Abner in Hebron). 

(16) Since in the discussion of our subject we are explaining the parallel accounts of 2 Sam. and 1 Chro. on David's earlier reign in antitype, we cannot wholly follow the order of both, because they do not present the parallel subjects in the same consecutive order. We will seek to present the parallel accounts as nearly as we can in their time order. Hitherto we have followed mainly the Samuel account on David's earlier reign as king of Judah, but a change sets in, for the next large event in David's history is his becoming the king of Israel as well as of Judah, as which alone hitherto in our present study he has been set forth in the antitype. Let us keep in mind that, as a rule, in David's reign Judah stands for the more faithful and Israel for the less faithful of God's people during the Parousia. In 1 Chron. 12:23-40 the whole thirteen tribes' combining to make David king over the whole people is set forth in an account that finds no parallel in 2 Sam. On 1 Chron. 12:23-37 only a few general remarks will here be made. It will be noted that the total of those who made David king at Hebron, according to 23-37, is 340,800. As we saw that imbedded in the varied totals given in Num. 31 God's separating the Little Flock and the Great Company was indicated (P '36, 71, 72), so in this figure the eventual class standings of those who from just before Nov., 1883, onward, as consecrated controversialists, made Bro. Russell their leader in the sphere of friendly cooperation, are indicated (; 23). These are indicated by its

The Parousia Messenger (Vol. 2). 

110 

being multiples of 12 (Little Flock), 10 (Great Company), 10 (Youthful Worthies) and the resultant figure, 284, which is not a multiple of any class that maintains the standing of consecrated ones, i.e., it stands for Second Deathers. Thus 340,800 ÷ 12 = 28,400; 28,400 ÷ 10 = 2,840; 2,840 ÷ 10 = 284, a number indivisible by 7 or 12 or 10. The number ascribed to Judah (6,800, ;24) represents not the faithful Little Flock brethren who accepted Bro. Russell's leadership from May, 1876, to a little before Nov., 1883, but the faithful of the Little Flock and Youthful Worthies who accepted his leadership from just before Nov., 1883, onward. Again, the 4,600 Levites type certain prospective crown-losers and Youthful Worthies, while the 3,700 priests, who included the 23, Zadok and his father's 22 captains, represent faithful Little Flock brethren. None of these typical numbers are to be taken as representing the actual numbers of the antitypes (; 26). All of the antitypes were controversialists (all these being men of war, 38), but other than controversialists, even all the consecrated in the Truth, accepted Bro. Russell as leader (; all … Israel … one heart to make David king). 

(17) All of these, controversialists and non-controversialists, were associates of Bro. Russell, feasting unto fulness, i.e., satiety (; with David three days, eating and drinking, 39); for each as he saw the Truth on any subject imparted it to his brethren (brethren … prepared for them). Those who were the most faithful (; nigh them, 40) and [the word and, not even, should have been inserted here] those who were the least faithful (Issachar, Zebulun and Naphtali [tribes in the far North of Palestine, quite a distance from Bro. Russell's abode]) brought this spiritual food in books (asses), class studies (camels), magazines (mules) and tracts (oxen). This food consisted of truths on the deepest subjects (meat), on less deep subjects (meal), on the joys of the Christian life (cakes of figs), on the graces (bunches of raisins), on surface subjects (wine) and on the spirit of 

David's Earlier Reign—Type and Antitype. 

111 

understanding (oil), relative to the justified (oxen) and consecrated (sheep). All of this was partaken of with joy (joy in Israel). All of these acknowledged their oneness of mind and heart with Bro. Russell (thy bone and thy flesh, 5:1; 11:1), even as in his anti-infidel writings and addresses they had recognized him as a warrior leader of God's people in controversy (time past, when Saul was king, 2; 2), declared by God to be their warrior leader and executive (Lord said … feed … captain over Israel). Thus all the leaders gathered to him in friendly cooperation (elders … came to the king to Hebron, 3; 3); and he came to an understanding with them (covenant), agreeably to the Lord's Word (before the Lord; according to the Word); and thus they made him their leader (anointed … king over Israel). Thus he led Spiritual Israel (David … reigned, 4; 29:26). He was mature as a leader when he began his leadership (thirty years old, 4;), and his time of leadership was one of full trial (forty years, 4; 29:27). Seven and one-half years he was leader in friendly cooperation with the leaders, somewhat like a first among equals (In Hebron … seven years and six months, 5; 1 Chro. 3:4; 29:27), and 33 years, over subordinates (in Jerusalem … thirty and three years, 5:5; 27). 

(18) By the Lord's providence it became apparent that Bro. Russell should not continue to be among the leaders somewhat like a first among equals, i.e., not continue in the antitypical Hebron condition of the work, but that he should become such a leader to the leading brethren as made them markedly his subordinates. God considered him as such from May, 1876, onward, particularly from Nov., 1879, onward, when he became that Servant, in his getting the Truth on the two sin-offerings; but the brethren generally did not so consider him, until about Nov., 1883, and onward. By a series of providential conditions both he and the bulk of the leading and other brethren came to see that he should direct the work, and the workers as his subordinates, i.e., enter into the antitypical 

The Parousia Messenger (Vol. 2). 

112 

Jerusalem condition of the work. These providential conditions, among others, were his ownership and editorship of the Tower, his authorship of Food For Thinking Christians, Tabernacle Shadows and various tracts, his financial support of the work, which exceeded that of all the others combined, his managing the work at headquarters, his greater participation in the literary (editor, author and correspondent) and lecturing and preaching parts of the work than others, his supplying more advancing Truth than all others combined and his giving more of his time to the general work than anyone else; all this united to indicate to the brethren that the Lord desired him to have no recognized equals, but only subordinates, among the leaders. To secure this recognition for him required some controversy in which he and all the faithful engaged on his side (king and his men [all Israel], 6; 11:4) against those trialsome brethren who opposed it (to Jerusalem [which is Jebus, threshing floor] unto the Jebusites), and who unlawfully as obstacles infested this condition (inhabitants of the land). These felt certain that their position on the equality of the leaders was true, and that it could not be taken from them by Bro. Russell (David … not come in hither, 6; 5); for if [so the Hebrew], they said, one would set there the spiritually blind and lame as its guards, Bro. Russell could not refute it (take away [literally, station] the blind and the lame). But Bro. Russell and his supporters did take their position by argument (took the strong hold of Zion, 7; 5), and thus he turned the religious government among Truth people into one in which he was the recognized unique executive warrior (city of David). 

(19) Bro. Russell charged that the assault on the opposers' position should be along Truth lines as God's providences pointed these out (Whosoever smiteth … get up to the water courses, 8;—A.R.V.), and that they should refute the guard, whom Bro. Russell saw to be spiritually blind and lame, and who as such were abhorrent to him (lame and the blind … hated 

David's Earlier Reign—Type and Antitype. 

113 

of David's soul). Bro. Russell offered that branch of workers the first and leading place who would first see through the points at issue and refute those spiritually blind and lame opposers. The leading pilgrims proved to be the first to see through the points at issue and to refute the opposers (Joab … went first … chief, ;6). In their assault the brethren took up in a parody the opposers' boast and hurled it at them in irony (said blind … house, 8;). From then on Bro. Russell acted out the principle that he was the executive warrior over subordinates (David dwelt in the fort, 9; 7) and, as a result, treated the religious government of God's people as in Bro. Russell's charge (called it the city of David). He developed this religious government internally from the Bible House as headquarters round about (built … Millo and inward, 9; 7), and what of it he did not develop the leading pilgrims as warriors did (Joab repaired the rest of the city, ;8). As the executive warrior over subordinates Bro. Russell prospered increasingly by God's favor (David … grew great … God … with him, 10; 9). From this his position he developed other avenues of service after he gave up the sphere of friendly cooperation as more or less a peer of the other leaders (took … wives out of Jerusalem, after … Hebron, 13; 14:3). And by these he developed the eleven brothers who had the leadership of eleven of his twelve monthly courses of army men; as the antitype of Jashobeam he himself led the other one, which was the first course (; 27:2-15). These eleven are typed here by David's sons, who, of course, have different names (Shammuah … Eliphalet, 14-16; 4-7). In David's genealogy two more names of sons are given (; 3:5-9), as well as in 1 Chron. 14:4-7, these two extra ones corresponding to the subordinate rulers in the second and fourth courses (; 27:4, 7). Other brothers he also developed by subordinate avenues of service (sons of the concubines). We know with fair assurance that the following were of the eleven: Bros. Johnson, Rutherford, Hemery, MacMillan, 

The Parousia Messenger (Vol. 2). 

114 

Sturgeon, Raymond, Sexton, Bundy and Rockwell; and perhaps Bros. Lundborg of Sweden and Koetitz of Germany were the other two. Perhaps Bro. Barton was the antitype of Mikloth, second in command of the second course, and Bro. John Edgar, the antitype of Zebadiah, the second in command of the fourth course. They had also powers connected with the crown-losers (Tamar [palm] their sister). We are as yet in most cases unable to identify these 13 brothers with their types as sons of David. 

(20) While elsewhere we have treated on David's mighty men as types of the pilgrims as warriors, since they are the special ones who strengthened themselves, and who supported Bro. Russell in his leadership as executive warrior, both while he acted somewhat like a first among equals, typed by Hebron, and while he acted toward the leaders as his subordinates, typed by Jerusalem (mighty men whom David had, who strengthened themselves with him … to make him king (; 11:10), for completeness' sake we will treat of them here, though briefly. The ablest of these was Bro. Russell, as pilgrim warrior, not as warrior executive, for as such he was typed by David (Jashobeam, the people shall return, in allusion to his preaching much on restitution; Hachmonite, the wise one, 23:8; 11), who occupied the position of chief of all pilgrims (sat in the seat), whose greatest warrior feat toward the public was his literary refutation of those teaching eternal torment (spear against 800, whom he slew at one time) and whose next greatest warrior feat toward the public was his literary refutation of those teaching the consciousness of the dead (spear against 300 slain by him at one time). The second ablest pilgrim warrior was the brother who later became the Epiphany messenger (Eleazar, my God is help, or mighty help; Dodo, loving; Ahohite, brotherly, 9; 12), Bro. Russell's fifth and last special helper (with David). When the 1908-1911 nominal-church sifters arose against the Truth (Philistines … to battle) and the brethren generally retreated 

David's Earlier Reign—Type and Antitype. 

115 

from before them (men … gone away), Bros. Russell and Johnson defied them in their addresses to the public (when they defied) and the latter refuted them so strongly and perseveringly that, as a result, he suffered brain-fag (smote … hand was weary, 10;), but his fagged brain clung in full memory to his discourses (hand clave unto his sword). The Lord blessed his battle with a great victory, and from his public meetings the brethren gathered much wheat (great victory … people returned … to spoil). 

(21) His next warrior feat was performed among the brethren, not among the public, as Bro. Russell's special helper, in connection with the Sin-offerings' controversy mainly (with David at Pasdammim, field of bloods, ;13) and subordinately with the Covenants and Mediator controversy; for the Truth sifters of 1908-1911 assembled to assail these truths (Philistines … to battle … parcel … full of barley) and the brethren generally retreated from before them (people fled … Philistines). Bro. Russell and his special assistant took a firm stand in defense of these truths (set themselves … parcel), drove off all assaults thereon (delivered it) and refuted all of the sifters (slew the Philistines), the Lord blessing them with a great victory (saved … deliverance). The third ablest of the pilgrim warriors was Bro. Barton (Shammah, wonder; Agee, retirer, in allusion to his being very reticent; Hararite, mountaineer, in allusion to his gaining the kingdom, 11;). The 1908-1911 Truth sifters assembled as a company against the Truth on the Covenants (Philistines were gathered … troop … piece … full of barley), from which the brethren in general retreated (people fled from the Philistines). Bro. Barton took a stand on the very heart of the Covenants and defended it (stood in the midst of the ground, and defended it, 12;) and refuted the sifters (slew the Philistines), the Lord granting a great victory to him (Lord … victory). 

(22) These three pilgrim warriors went to succor Bro. Russell, not as pilgrim, but as warrior executive 

The Parousia Messenger (Vol. 2). 

116 

in the Parousia part of Laodicea (three … David in the harvest … Adullam [justice for the people], the Hebrew equivalent of Laodicea, 13; 15). The 1878-1881 and the 1908-1911 sifters were then warring in the sphere of the fallen angels (Philistines … valley of Rephaim, giants). Bro. Russell had then entrenched himself in the Truth (David … hold, 14; 16) and the sifters were entrenched in the Bible, misapplied, of course (garrison of the Philistines … Bethlehem). As executive warrior, not as pilgrim warrior, who as such is here represented by Jashobeam, Bro. Russell thirsted in 1879 for Truth on the two sin-offerings of Lev. 16 (David longed … water … Bethlehem … gate, 15; 17), after Mr. Barbour gave a sophistical explanation of it in an attempt to answer some lectures that as pilgrim the former gave in New England. This prompted the latter as pilgrim to investigate the subject, during which he wrestled with fallen angels and men and overcame them (brake through … Philistines, 16; 18), got the Truth on the two sin-offerings from Heb. 13:10-16 (drew water … well … gate) and as a pilgrim warrior brought it to himself as executive warrior (brought it to David), who as such would not receive it for himself, but gave it to the Lord in the interests of the brethren in the Tower and Tabernacle Shadows (poured … Lord), because of the great danger to which as pilgrim warrior he was exposed in getting it (far from me … in jeopardy of their lives … not drink it, 17; 19). The second pilgrim warrior in May, 1910, had a very similar experience under similar conditions and got the Truth on the five harvest siftings from 1 Cor. 10:1-14, which for the same reason received similar treatment from Bro. Russell as executive warrior. Bro. Barton at about the same time, 1910, had a similar experience under similar circumstances and got the truth from Matt. 12:29; Mark 3:27; Luke 11:21, 22, on the individual Satan's binding between 1874 and 1878, which for the same reason received similar treatment from Bro.

David's Earlier Reign—Type and Antitype. 

117 

Russell as executive warrior. The above are the main conflicts of the three mightiest pilgrim warriors serving under Bro. Russell as executive warrior (These things did these three mighty men). 

(23) Bro. Russell as executive warrior had as fourth mightiest warrior Bro. John Edgar, who was the chief of the next three of the former's pilgrim warriors (Abishai, father of a gift; Joab, Jehovah is father; Zeruiah, fragrance, or balsam of Jehovah, was chief among three, 18; 20). By his booklet, Where Are The Dead?, he refuted the nominal-church warriors on the consciousness of the dead (spear against 300, and slew them) and was the most famous of his three (name among three). He attained to more honor than the other two, J. Hemery and Morton Edgar (most honorable … more honorable than the two, 19; 21). Hence he was their leader (their captain). Yet he was inferior as a pilgrim warrior to the first three (attained not unto the first three). Four deeds of J. F. Rutherford, as those of Bro. Russell's seventh mightiest pilgrim warrior, were forecast (Benaiah, son of Jehovah; Jehoiada, known of Jehovah; Kabzeel, God gathers, in allusion to his having been reaped, 20; 22). In two mighty debates he was victorious (1913 and 1915) (slew two lion-like men of Moab). In the time of trouble (1915) he entered into the sphere of Babylon's slanders against Bro. Russell and the other brethren and refuted Babylon as to such slanders (lion … pit … snow). And he refuted in 1917 a mighty worldling lawyer who sought to put a heavy tax on the Bethel and Tabernacle; going against him with no other weapon than his general knowledge, he took the lawyer's brief and with it refuted him (slew an Egyptian, a goodly man … staff … spear … slew … own spear, 21; 23). Such were his main warrior deeds (These things did Benaiah, 22; 24). He was famous among the third three whose other two members were Menta Sturgeon and A. H. MacMillan (name among [the third] three mighty men). Being the seventh mightiest, he 

The Parousia Messenger (Vol. 2). 

118 

had a more honorable position than the thirty others, there being 37 of such typed in 2 Sam. 23:8-39 (more honorable than the thirty, 23; 25). But he was inferior to the first three, who were in America, the second three being in Britain (attained not to the first three). Bro. Russell placed him over all who were his special guard at Bethel (over his guard). 

(24) In the list of David's mighty men given in 2 Sam. 23:8-39 there are 37 names mentioned. Three of these warriors had as antitypes British pilgrims (Bros. Edgar and Bro. Hemery). The other 34 correspond to the 34 members of the People's Pulpit Association (B.S.M., Vol. 3, No. 13, page 2, col. 3, par. 7). The pictures of these 34 are given on page 4 of The People's Pulpit, Vol. 2, No. 1 (c). There are 36 pictures given there, two of them being those of the auxiliary pilgrims, Bro. A. Wakefield and Bro. F. L. Scheerer. The deeds of five of the 37 are mentioned explicitly, and of 32 of them no special deed is recorded. It will also be noted that in 1 Chro. 11:11-47 there are 51 names of David's warriors given, i.e., 14 more than in the list in 2 Sam. 23. These 14 additional warriors represent certain American and Canadian pilgrim warriors who entered the pilgrim work after 1910, before which the above-mentioned 37 had become such. The following is a list of these fourteen: Bros. Barber, Cole, Emerson, Hall, Heard, Kendall, McPherson, Morton, Ritchie, Streeter, Toole, Wisdom, Woodworth and Zink. There were some of the 70 pilgrims who had finished their course before 1910, who are not included in the above list of 51, as there were some who became pilgrims later than these 51 who were also of the 70, like Bros. Jolly, Yates, etc. Then there were some pilgrims who, apart from those constituting the second set of three mentioned above, were pilgrim warriors in the Eastern Hemisphere, not included in these 51, but who were included in the 70 antitypical palm trees of antitypical Elim; and apparently none of the auxiliary pilgrims are included in the 37 nor in the 51 nor in the 70; 

David's Earlier Reign—Type and Antitype. 

119 

though some of their names were announced among the pilgrim schedules given in the Towers, e.g., Bros. Stevenson, Hudgings, Mockeridge, Wakefield, Scheerer, etc. While we know who were the 37 and the 51 antitypical pilgrim warriors, we are not in all cases yet able to associate them with their types. 

(25) But when the Truth and nominal-church sifters learned that Bro. Russell was the chosen executive warrior in subordination to whom the true Truth leaders worked, all of them sought to overthrow him (Philistines heard … anointed David … Israel, all … seek David, 5:17; 14:8). Perceiving this, Bro. Russell went against them, taking his stand on the Truth, particularly that on the Ransom (David heard … went … hold). These sifters took their stand in the sphere of the fallen angels who denied the Ransom (Philistines … spread … valley of Rephaim, giants, 18; 9). Therefore Bro. Russell studied the Spirit, Word and providences, to learn whether he should attack the sifters (David enquired … Shall I go up against the Philistines? 19; 10), and, if so, whether God would make him victorious (deliver them into mine hand?). The Lord gave him an affirmative answer in each case (Go up … deliver … hand). Bro. Russell came against their Satanic interpretations, divisions of teachings, and by the right division (2 Tim. 2:15) of the Ransom truths gave his opponents a complete refutation (David … Baal-perazim, lord [Satan] of divisions [interpretations] … smote them there, 20; 11). He ascribed the victory to the Lord (Lord [God] hath broken forth upon mine enemies), even as the Truth always makes breaks in error (as the breach of waters). Hence he set forth that sphere of thought as an evident sphere of Satan's interpretations (called … that place Baal-perazim). The sifters ceased defending their beliefs; and Bro. Russell and his supporters destroyed them (left their images … burned them, 21; 12). 

(26) The Truth and nominal-church sifters encamped again against the Truth in the sphere of 

The Parousia Messenger (Vol. 2). 

120 

demons, and this time against the doctrine of the two Sin-offerings (Philistines … in the valley of Rephaim, 22; 13). Bro. Russell studied the Spirit, Word and providences, to learn whether he should make a frontal attack on their position (David enquired of the Lord, 23; 14). By these he was given to understand that he was not to attack them by refuting their teachings directly, but circuitously, i.e., by setting forth the Truth on the Sin-offerings directly (not go up; make a circuit behind them), and by the positive presentation of the Truth set up an oppositional stand to their defiling great ones (come … against the mulberry trees [their fruits greatly stain the fingers that pluck and the lips and mouths that eat them]). He was further made to understand that he must wait until the sifting leaders would start their sifting activities (hearest the sound of a going [literally, marching, A. R. V.] in the tops [chief leaders] of the mulberry trees, 24; 15) and then enter energetically into the conflict (bestir thyself … to battle); for he would then know that the Lord would have made all the necessary preparations for his victoriously refuting his opponents (God is gone forth before thee to smite the host of the Philistines). This plan Bro. Russell pursued, and that victoriously, for in 1908-1911 he let the sifters begin the attack, then he and his supporters countered with the Truth and utterly refuted them from the height of their position to the precipice of full defeat, into which he hurled them (smote … Geba, height, … Gazer, precipice, 25:16). 

(27) While elsewhere we have interpreted the antitypes of 2 Sam. 21:15-22 and 1 Chron. 20:4-8, yet for completeness' sake we will briefly expound them here. Divisional sectarians, among other things, attacked the Truth chronology (Philistines had yet war again with Israel, 15;); and Bro. Russell and his supporters advanced against them and attacked their position (David went down … fought against the Philistines). But Bro. Russell in 1905 weakened on his position as to the 19 years' difference, on the date 

David's Earlier Reign—Type and Antitype. 

121 

of Israel's captivity by Nebuchadnezzar, as between the Truth and the nominal-church chronologies (David waxed faint); for a Swiss brother, whose name we do not recall, and who was of a class of intellectual giants, attacked Bro. Russell on this point with a very weighty tract and a new form of discourse, in ways that handicapped him, that brother feeling sure he could refute him thereon (Ishbi-benob, his seat is on high, … giant … spear … brass … new sword … slain David, 16;); but Bro. John Edgar (Abishai, 17;), who, together with his brother Morton, was aroused to a careful examination of this feature and others of the chronology, and through this study came to see very many and cogent corroborations of our chronology refutative of the opposing position. Beginning in 1905 for several years he published his refutations of the Swiss brother's position, in support of our Pastor's position, and thus overthrew the former and proved the latter (succored him, and smote the Philistine, and killed him). 

(28) During the 1908-1911 sifting three Truth brothers, whose pertinent exploits are given in 18-22; 4-8, refuted the three main sifters in individual combats. The first of these was Bro. A. H. MacMillan (Sibbechai [entangling, in allusion to his using his opponent's views to enmesh him]; Hushathite [silent, or tactful], 18; 4), who in a debate before the Altoona Ecclesia refuted A. E. Williamson, who was one of great abilities, on his Mediator errors (Gezer … slew Saph [Sippai, i.e., the Saphite, threshold, in allusion to his being the trialsome leader who began the 1908—1911 sifting] … giant). Wm. Crawford was the second of these (Elhanan [gracious God]; Jaare-oregim [weavers' forests, in allusion to his weaving together many great ones, as witnesses], a Bethlehemite [one dwelling in the house of bread, the Bible], 19; 5); by a tract on the Covenants he refuted R. H. Henninges, who was an able controversialist like the leading evolutionists (slew the brother of Goliath [revealer] the Gittite [winepress, in allusion to his

The Parousia Messenger (Vol. 2). 

122 

trialsomeness]), whose pen-products were very weighty (spear … weaver's beam). The third of these sifter leaders to be refuted, and that by the third brother, was the ablest of the three, M. L. McPhail, who was quite trialsome to the brethren, because of his great abilities and knowledge (Gath … a man of great stature, 20; 6), whose thoughts on service were abnormally numerous (fingers … six on each hand) and whose thoughts on character development were likewise abnormally numerous (toes … six on each foot). He also had the argument abilities characteristic of the leading evolutionists (born to the giant). When he arose in defiance of the Lord's people, especially at Chicago, Ill., in the first quarter of 1909, Bro. Johnson (Jonathan, gift of Jehovah, Shimeah, famous, the brother of David, in allusion to his nearness in spirit to Bro. Russell) refuted him before the Chicago Ecclesia on the Sin-offerings, Covenants and Mediator, and thus completely destroyed his influence as a sifter in that church (slew him, 21; 7). These four were sifters of great argumentative abilities, like the evolutionists, who fell in controversy at the hands of Bro. Russell and four of his supporters (these four … giant … fell … David … servants, 22; 8). 

(29) Jehovah sent to Bro. Russell Truth messengers with justified ones (Hiram, noble, … sent … David … trees, 5:11; 14:1), with brethren skilled in working with the justified and new creatures (carpenters and masons); and these developed the Lord's people into a shelter for Bro. Russell (built David an house). All of these things gave him the assurance that the Lord had securely set him as executive warrior leader among the Lord's people, and had set his power as such high among them in their interests (David perceived … established … over Israel … exalted his kingdom … Israel's sake, 12; 2); for he presided in truth and righteousness in his office for the Lord's people (reigned … executed judgment and justice … people, 8:15; 18:14). The leading pilgrim warriors led the other warriors (Joab, 16; 15; 

David's Earlier Reign—Type and Antitype. 

123 

2 Sam. 20:23). The brothers who were put at the heads of departments and the branch offices acted as representatives of Bro. Russell in their spheres of activity (Jehoshaphat, Jehovah judges; Ahilud, brother by birth, in allusion to their being subordinate executives of Bro. Russell, was recorder [anciently the official who was called recorder acted executively besides keeping a record of the kingdom's events, 2 Kings 18:18; 2 Chro. 34:8], 16; 15; 24). The leading crown-retainers (Zadok, righteous; Ahitub, my brother is good, 17; 16; 25) and the leading crown-losers (Abiathar, father of abundance; Ahimelech, my brother is king) were the prominent ministering priests; during the Parousia all New Creatures were priests in the Holy. Some brethren from time to time wrote controversial articles which Bro. Russell used in the Tower, which made some of them vain (Seraiah, prince of Jehovah; Shavsha, warrior; Sheva, vanity). Those who acted as special guards were placed over all the refuters and messengers (Benaiah, son of Jehovah; Jehoiada, Jehovah knows; Cherethites, cutters; Pelethites, runners, 18; 17; 23). Certain of the brethren were specially occupied with helping brethren to consecrate and carry out their consecration in the interests of the work (Adoram, lord of heights, ;;24). Certain brothers who were especially enlightening watched over the interests of Bro. Russell as his chief helpers (Ira, watcher; Jairite, he enlightens, was a chief ruler about David, ;;26). The 13 brothers who were the leaders in the 11 courses of warriors, as priests led the sacrificing of the brethren (David's … rulers [literally, priests, A.R.V.], 18; 17;). 

(30) While the book of Psalms prophesies especially of the experiences of (1) Jesus, (2) the Church and (3) Jesus and the Church, those Psalms that are given in 2 Sam. and 1 Chro. treat of Bro. Russell's experiences, teachings, spirit, etc. Such an one is Ps. 18, which is given in 2 Sam. 22, and which presents his thoughts on his deliverance from Truth and nominal-church sifters and from the first set of crown-lost 

The Parousia Messenger (Vol. 2). 

124 

leaders (David spake … words … Lord had delivered him … enemies, and … Saul, 1). He loved God, who strengthened him, Ps. 18:1), for He was his Support, Defense and Deliverer (2; 2). He trusted in Him as his Support and Defender, the Power of his deliverance, his Guard, Refuge, Savior from sin and error (3; 2). He prayed to God, whose character was praiseworthy, and thus was saved from his opponents (4; 3). Surrounded by death-dealing things, his dangers from enemies made him afraid (5; 4); for the sorrows that lead to the death state were about him, and death-dealing temptations preceded him (6; 5). In that condition he prayed to God earnestly, who heard him as crying out to Him from the Church as God's temple (7; 6). Society was in fear and the creeds of the powers of spiritual control were removed, because of God's wrath (8; 7). In His wrath condemning memories and teachings issued forth; from His mouthpiece destructive words went forth; and His teachings were kindled destructively by them (9; 8). He humbled the powers of spiritual control; and under His course their teachings were shown to be error (10; 9). His progress was one of the power; and He was recognized as proceeding by teaching (11; 10). He made error hide His course, even the errors and troubles of the powers of spiritual control (12; 11). Through the advancing light destructive and hard teachings went on their course (13; 12). God caused controversies to arise as He uttered forth His Truth as hard and destructive teachings (14; 13). He caused sharp teachings to go forth; and by their bright flashing light He drove away His opponents (15; 14). Then were exposed the courses of rebellious men; the principles of Satan's false teachers and selfish society were exposed by God's rebuke and the disapproval of His wrath (16; 15). By His Word He took Bro. Russell away from the peoples in error (17; 16). 

(31) God delivered him from Satan and his enemies, who were too powerful for him (18; 17). They attacked him while he was in trouble; but God was 

David's Earlier Reign—Type and Antitype. 

125 

his Support (19; 18). Out of error and perplexity God brought him into the wide spaces of Truth and grace, delivering him because He was pleased with him (20; 19), and rewarding him because of his pure Truth teachings and services (21; 20); for he adhered to God's Truth and Spirit, and did not in evil leave the Lord (22; 21), since God's doctrines were before him, and he cleaved to His precepts (23; 22). Hence God dealt accordingly with him (25; 24), since God shows mercy to the merciful and piety to the pious (26; 25); for God accommodates Himself as pure to the pure and oppositional to the perverse (27; 26). He delivers His afflicted people, but abases the proud (28; 27). God gave Bro. Russell the Bible, which enlightened him out of error (29; 28); for by God he chased the whole company of Second Deathers and overleaped Babylon's powers of teaching and arrangement (30; 29). God's course is perfect, because of the perfection of His attributes; His Truth stands up under test; and He defends all that trust Him (31; 30); for who, except Jehovah, is the Mighty One and a Support (32; 31)? He defended Bro. Russell, and leads the pious in the narrow way (33; 32). He causes the pious to make rapid progress in truth and righteousness; He gave Bro. Russell high offices (34; 33). He taught him to war for truth and righteousness, so that he could use the Bible as a strong bow to shoot out sharp truths (35; 34), as well as gave him a saving defense, supporting him by Jesus, and gently advanced him into true greatness (36; 35). God made him progress greatly in truth and righteousness, which prevented him from stumbling and falling (37; 36). He chased the sifters and refuted them, and ceased not from the pursuit until he had overthrown them (38; 37). He took away all their power and thoroughly refuted them beyond recovery; yea, his course brought them to defeat (39; 38). God strengthened him for his controversies and subjected all who opposed him (40; 39). 

(32) God caused them to flee, so that he might 

The Parousia Messenger (Vol. 2). 

126 

render powerless all his haters (41; 40). They sought helpers, but found none, not even the Lord, who ignored them (42; 41). Then he dissolved all their power and trod upon them and scattered them (43; 42). God delivered him from the efforts of some of his misguided supporters, and put him above the true and nominal churches; and many non-Truth people helped him (44; 43). The Youthful Worthies obeyed him, as soon as they learned the situation (45; 44). They ceased holding themselves aloof, and with reverence came out of their Babylonian bondage (46; 45). The Lord was energetic for him; hence he spoke highly of Him as his Support and the Support of his deliverance (47; 46), even the God who vindicated him, who subdued people to his teachings (48; 47), who made him escape from his enemies, who exalted him above his opponents, and who delivered him from the Second Deathers (49; 48). Hence worldwide he thanked God and showed forth His marvelous character in wisdom, power, justice and love (50; 49). Great was the deliverance that God wrought for him as His executive warrior, to whom He showed much tender love, even to Bro. Russell, and to those who partook of his spirit to the end (51; 50). 

(33) Because of the way the parallels between 2 Sam. and 1 Chron. are given as to the order of their presentation, we will postpone until our next article on David as a type of Bro. Russell a study of 2 Sam. 6 and 7 and the parts of 2 Sam. 8 not yet studied, and in their stead will study 2 Sam. 9, which has no parallel in 1 Chron. This chapter treats of Bro. Russell's solicitude for nominal-church crown-losers of the more faithful kind and his desire to bless them with the Truth and its privileges (any … left … of Saul … kindness for Jonathan's sake? v. 1). There were in the Truth certain brethren who had been prominent in the nominal church before coming into the Truth, and who had sought by planting the Word there to win others of their kind from the nominal church (was [better, had been] … Saul … Ziba, planter, 2).

David's Earlier Reign—Type and Antitype. 

127 

Certain of the brethren brought these to Bro. Russell's attention (called him unto David). He inquired whether they were such disposed brethren (Art thou Ziba?); and they assured him that they were, and as such were at his disposal to serve (said, Thy servant). Bro. Russell asked these whether there were in the nominal church any that had the spirit of the crown-losers, particularly the most faithful of these, assuring them that he desired to minister Divine blessings to them because their spirit was that of the most faithful of the crown-losers (king … yet … house of Saul … show the kindness of God, 3). Those who were attentive to serve such especially assured Bro. Russell that there was still such a class in the nominal church, though unstable in character (Ziba … king, Jonathan [Jehovah's gift] hath yet a son … lame on his feet). Bro. Russell then inquired as to what was their working position (king said … Where, 4), and was told by the same class of brethren that they were occupied in the sphere of those who as God's people gained and gave out the Word by teaching and preaching (in the house of Machir, trader, … Ammiel, people of God, in Lo-debar, to him is speech). Bro. Russell instituted arrangements for winning them from that sphere, which did win them (David sent, and fetched him … Lo-debar, 5). When these came into the Truth (when Mephibosheth, idol destroyer, … Jonathan … Saul, was come, 6) they showed great reverence to Bro. Russell (fell … did reverence). Bro. Russell studied these to find out whether they were the most faithful of the crown-losers; and by their acts they humbly showed that they were (Mephibosheth … thy servant). 

(34) By word and act he sought to disarm their fear (Fear not, 7), and to assure them of his benevolence toward them because of their relation to Bro. Russell's earlier friends in the nominal church (kindness for Jonathan), promising to give them the sphere of activity toward the nominal church held by the crown-losers before they became the crown-lost leaders,

The Parousia Messenger (Vol. 2). 

128 

i.e., the sphere of large service toward the nominal church (restore … land of Saul), and assuring them that they might always feast on the Truth that he prepared for his household (eat bread at my table continually). These again showed him reverence and humbly manifested their gratitude for his favor (bowed … What is thy servant … a dead dog as I am? 8). Thereupon he told the brethren who had been zealous to win such for the Truth that he had given the most faithful of the crown-losers the above-mentioned sphere of service (king … Ziba … I have given … son all … Saul and … house, 9), charging them in their main and subordinate groups to make that sphere of service profitable for these most faithful crown-losers and to yield to them the fruitage of their labors, that they might appropriate to themselves such fruitage, assuring them that the latter were to partake of the Truth as Bro. Russell set it forth (Thou … till … for him … bring in the fruits … son may … eat, 10). 

(35) These Truth servants were of two groups (15 sons and 20 servants: 15 + 20 = 35 = 7 X 5, i.e., such as had a Divine [7] mission to a part [5] of a class [10] lower than the Divine class, i.e., the Great Company). These Truth servants undertook the service, pledging to do it in all particulars (said … king … all … shall thy servant do, 11). Thereupon Bro. Russell arranged for the most faithful crown-losers to partake of the Truth that he was ministering to the Church (Mephibosheth … eat at my table, as one of the king's sons). These most faithful crown-losers had among themselves a rather undeveloped class of brethren that were especially zealous anti-trinitarians (had a young son … Micha[iah], who is like Jehovah?, 12); and all those Truth servants who were especially zealous to win what were really crown-losers for the Truth furthered the interests of the most faithful crown-losers (all … of Ziba were servants unto Mephibosheth). The most faithful of the crown-losers continued in the condition of 

David's Earlier Reign—Type and Antitype. 

129 

subordination to Bro. Russell as warrior executive for God's people (dwelt in Jerusalem, 13). They always partook of the Truth which Bro. Russell set forth as meat in due season (did eat continually at the king's table). But in matters of character they were weak, limping as to God and man (lame on both his feet). 

‍

BEREAN QUESTIONS

(1) With what does the continuance of our study or the David type begin? Why? What should we remember in this connection? What was Bro. Russell weighing from Oct., 1874, to about Jan., 1876? What did he consult thereon? How typed? What was the response? How typed? What was his next inquiry? How typed? Through what did the Lord encourage him to associate with Bro. Barbour and his associates? How typed? With whom did this association first begin? When? Where? How did it occur? How did it then proceed? What did the pilgrims among these form? How typed? The non-pilgrims? How typed? What did these, their supporters and ecclesias become to Bro. Russell? How typed? 

(2) What did these do as to Bro. Russell? How typed? What did these report to him? How typed? When did the crown-lost leaders begin to be defeated by infidelistic warriors? By what did Bro. Russell express his appreciation of the respecters of the defeated crown-lost leaders? How typed? What did he wish them and promise them therefore? How typed in each case? What two other things did he do? How typed in each case? What did the crown-lost leaders' controversialists do, June, 1876? Under what circumstances? How typed? Whom did they make crown-lost leaders in the defeated ones' place? How typed? To what did they influence them? How typed? What did they make them take? How typed? How had these crown-lost leaders been tested? How typed? By when had this been completed? How typed? How long were they such leaders? Until what event? How typed? During this time how did the faithful harvesters stand toward Bro. Russell? How typed? 

(3) What did the crown-lost princes' controversial leaders and their supporters then do? How typed? Who were the leading pilgrims? How typed? What did they and their supporters do as to the stand of their opponents? How typed? When? On what subject? By what typed? What were the respective positions of

The Parousia Messenger (Vol. 2). 

130 

these antagonists on this subject? How typed? What did the controversial leaders on the visible return of the Lord do? How? How typed? What response was made to the challenge? How typed? Who faced each other? How typed? What two things did each set do to the other? How typed in each case? How was this done by each? What lack brought about this result? In what did this result? How typed? What were the debate positions called in the nominal church? How typed? What followed these debates, and in what did it result? How typed? When mentioned together what do the three (or two) sons of Zeruiah in each case type? When mentioned alone whom do Abishai and Asahel type? What were the mental and heart qualities of antitypical Asahel? To what did these qualities sometimes lead them? How typed? 

(4) Of whom were the leading elders the equivalents? By whom typed? What characteristic of them is brought out in this connection? How did it show itself then? How typed? In what manner? How typed? What hint did the nominal-church main controversialists give them? How typed? What did the pursuers understand? How typed? What did the pursued then do? How typed? What was suggested that they do? How typed? How was the kindly advice treated? How typed? What then was done? How typed? What two reasons were given for following this advice? How typed in each case? When this advice was refused what then happened in detail? How is each detail typed? How did this sight affect the Truth warriors? How typed? What effect did the refutation of the leading elders have on the leading and subordinate pilgrims? How typed? Until when was the conflict prolonged? How typed? Until what events? How typed? What did they precede? How typed? 

(5) Who rallied to the support of the main nominal-church controversialists? How typed? What part did they take in the controversy? How typed? What did those main controversialists then do? How typed? To what three things did they point? How typed in each case? What did these three reasons do to the leading pilgrim warriors? How typed? Thereupon what did they say? How typed? And do? With what effect? How typed? What things thereupon did the main nominal-church controversialists and their supporters do? In what state of mind? How are these details typed? 

David's Earlier Reign—Type and Antitype. 

131 

(6) What did the leading pilgrim warriors thereupon do? What did they learn? How are these things typed? How do we know from the type that the Truth people's refuted ones were crown-losers? Comparatively how many were refuted in the ranks of the nominal-church warriors? How are both sets of warriors typed? How do we know from the type that the second set were evildoers? What did the former set show the refuted leading elders? How typed? Among whom? How typed? In what teachings? How typed? To what did they then turn their attention? In what state of mind? Why? How typed? Under whose leadership? How typed? 

(7) What time characteristic did the controversy between the Adventists and their allies and the Truth people have? How typed? In what two things did it result? How typed? While the leaders under Bro. Russell's leadership were in friendly cooperation with him, what did he develop? How typed? What were the first of these? How typed? The second? How typed? The third? How typed? The fourth? How typed? The fifth? How typed? The sixth? How typed? In what condition were these six, considered from the standpoint of later developments? Show this in each case. 

(8) What did the main nominal-church controversial leaders make of themselves during the above-mentioned controversy? How typed? What doctrine did the primary set of crown-lost leaders cherish? How typed? What did it effect? How typed? What did the secondary set of crown-lost leaders, especially those among the Adventists, charge against their main controversialists? Why? How typed? How did this charge affect the latter? How typed? What proofs against the charge did they offer? How typed in each case? What did they solemnly vow? What did this mean of them? How typed? Where? How typed? Expressed as a threat, how did this vow affect the second set of crown-lost leaders? How typed? Why did it have this effect? How typed? 

(9) What two things influenced the threateners to seek to come into touch with Bro. Russell? How typed? What did they first suggest to him? How typed? What was their second suggestion? How typed? What did they promise as its basis? How typed? To what end? How typed? What did Bro. Russell say of the plan? How typed? What condition did he require to be fulfilled first? How typed? Define this required power, 

The Parousia Messenger (Vol. 2). 

132 

positively and negatively. To whom did Bro. Russell then send a demand? How typed? What was the demand? How typed? What was done as to the demand? Why? How typed? In whose hands had this power been? How typed? How did its conferring upon Bro. Russell affect them? How typed? What did they recollect? How typed? What, accordingly, did the main nominal-church controversialists do? With what result? How are these things typed? 

(10) What did these Truth-interested controversialists begin early in 1878? How typed? Of what did they remind them? How typed? Whom particularly did they seek so to influence? How typed? Of what did they assure Bro. Russell? How typed? With whom were they in spirit united in this matter? How typed? What did Bro. Russell set before them? How typed? What did they renew? How typed? What thereupon did Bro. Russell do to them? How typed? What occurred immediately thereafter? How typed? Who was absent? How typed? How had they been sent away? How typed? 

(11) What did Bro. Barbour then learn? How typed? What did he then do? How typed? What did Bro. Barbour, unknown to Bro. Russell, then do? How typed? What were those controversialists then doing? How typed? What did they then do? How typed? What did Bro. Barbour then do? How typed? What did Bro. Russell do about it? How typed? What did he desire? How typed? What fivefold result did he desire? How typed in each case? What is the summary of Bros. Barbour's and Adam's pertinent act? How typed in each case? Why did they do this? How typed? 

(12) What did Bro. Russell urge them to do? How typed? What did he do? How typed? How did the rest respond? How typed? How did Bro. Russell and the rest of the brethren respond to the occasion? How typed? What did Bro. Russell pass on their disfellowshipment? How typed? What did he ask thereon? How typed? What two things were not proved against them? How typed in each case? How were they disfellowshipped? How typed? How did this affect the brethren? How typed? How did Bro. Russell respond to the unseasonable efforts of the brethren to refresh him? How typed? How did this and Bro. Russell's general acts strike the brethren? How typed? Of what did his course convince them? How typed? What did he 

David's Earlier Reign—Type and Antitype. 

133 

ask his helpers? How typed? What two things did he deplore? How typed? What did he know thereon? How typed? 

(13) What report came to the second set of crown-lost leaders? How typed? What was the effect on them and their supporters? How typed? What had they had? How typed? Who were they? How typed? As what had they belonged to the Adventists? How typed? What did they cease to be, and what did they become? How typed? Apart from whom did they remain? How typed? What kind of a class was there among the most faithful crown-losers? How typed? While they were quite immature what tidings arrived? How typed? What was the first effect of this news? How typed? The second? How typed? What were they in faith? How typed? Like whom were they in character? Why are they introduced here? 

(14) What in their prominence as Truth depositaries did Messrs. Barbour and Paton undertake? When respectively? How are these things typed? Toward whom did they therein act? Under what circumstances? How typed? Under what pretense did each in turn act? How typed? What did they actually bring, with what results and under what conditions? How typed? What two things did they then do? How typed in each case? What did they then do with it? How typed? While in what condition? How typed? What did they tell Bro. Russell? By what means? How typed? Under what pretense? How typed? What did they allege? How typed? 

(15) What was the first part of Bro. Russell's reply to these former depositaries of Truth? How typed? To whom did he then refer? How typed? What did he do to them? How typed? When? How typed? Despite what? How typed? How did he reason on the two cases? How typed? Of what did he accuse them? How typed? With what did he charge them? How typed? What did he by act do to them? How typed? How did he proceed therein with Mr. Barbour in 1878? With Mr. Paton in 1882? How typed in both cases? What did he first do with their services and conduct? How typed? Secondly? How typed? Where? How typed? What did he first do with the Truth in the theory of the second set of crown-losers? How typed? Secondly? How typed? 

(16) Why cannot the order of the parallel accounts of David's reign be followed in the order given in 2 Sam. 

The Parousia Messenger (Vol. 2). 

134 

and 1 Chron.? How will we present this subject? What has been mainly the procedure hitherto? Why does a change therein set in? What should we here keep in mind? What is set forth in 1 Chron. 12:23-40? Where is no parallel to it to be found? What only will be given on 1 Chron. 12:23-37? What is the total of warriors set forth in these verses? What is embedded antitypically in the varied totals of Num. 31? What similar thing is contained antitypically in 1 Chron. 12:23-37? By what is this indicated? What classes are indicated in the multiples of 12? 10? 10? And by the number 284? Why in each case? What is not typed and what is typed by the number ascribed to Judah? By the 4,600 Levites? The 3,700 priests? How are none of these numbers to be taken antitypically? What were all the antitypes? How typed? Who else accepted Bro. Russell as leader? 

(17) How were all of these related to Bro. Russell? What doing? How typed in each case? What course did all of them pursue? After what? How typed? Into what two classes were they divided? How is this shown? How typed? By what four means did they bring spiritual food to their brethren? How typed in each case? Of what six lines of thought? How typed in each case? Relative to what two classes? How typed in each case? With what was all of this partaken? How typed? What did all acknowledge? How typed? Similarly to what? How typed? As what did they consider him declared by God to be? How typed? Who gathered to him? In what? How typed? To what did he come with them, in harmony with the Word? How typed? What did they then do to him? How typed? Thereafter what did he do? How typed? What were his pertinent qualities? How typed? What kind of a time was his period of leadership? How typed? How long was he warrior leader and executive as first among equals? How typed? How long as warrior leader and executive over subordinates? How typed? 

(18) What two things by Divine providence became apparent? How typed? From what times, generally and particularly, had God considered Bro. Russell as the leader of subordinates? Until when did the brethren not so consider him? By what were he and the others convinced otherwise? Particularly what were these providential conditions? By what means was this recognition secured by the faithful? How typed? Against

David's Earlier Reign—Type and Antitype. 

135 

whom? How typed? What did these opposers do? How typed? Of what did these feel certain? What did this certainty first move them to assert? How typed? Secondly? How typed? What did Bro. Russell and his supporters do? How typed? Into what did he change the then Truth people's religious government? How typed? 

(19) What two things did Bro. Russell charge? How typed in each case? What offer did he make and to whom? How typed? Who won the offer? How typed? What in parody and irony did the assailers do? How typed? Henceforth what did Bro. Russell act out? How typed? What as a result did he do? How typed? How did he develop it? How typed? What did the leading pilgrims as warriors add to his work? How typed? What followed by God's favor? How typed? From this position what did he further do after leaving the sphere of friendly cooperation, somewhat like a first among equals? How typed? By these whom did he further develop? With what exception? How are the eleven typed? What two other brothers by these avenues of service did he develop? How typed? To whom do they correspond? How typed? Whom else did he develop? Through whom? How typed? Who assuredly were nine of these brothers? Who were probably the other two? Who were perhaps the antitypes of the subordinate leaders in the second and fourth monthly courses? How typed? What other powers did they have? How typed? What in all cases of these are we as yet unable to do? 

(20) What will be done to Bro. Russell's pilgrim warriors here? Despite what? Why? Under what two conditions did they support him as executive warrior? How is each of these conditions typed? Who was the ablest of these pilgrim warriors? How typed? What was his greatest warrior feat toward the public? How typed? What was his second greatest warrior feat toward the public? How typed? Who was the second ablest pilgrim warrior of Bro. Russell as warrior executive? How typed? Under what circumstances was his greatest warrior feat toward the public performed? How typed in each case? What are the details of this feat itself? How typed in each case? What did the Lord do for him therein? How typed? 

(21) Where was another of his warrior feats performed? As what and in connection with what mainly? How typed? Subordinately? Under what two circumstances? 

The Parousia Messenger (Vol. 2). 

136 

How typed? What did Bro. Russell and his special assistant do? How typed? What two things did they accomplish? How typed in each case? What did the Lord do on this occasion? How typed? Who was the third ablest of the pilgrim warriors? How typed? What were the two preceding conditions of his conflict? How typed? What three things did he do? How typed in each case? How did God act in this battle? How typed? 

(22) Where did these three pilgrim warriors go in Bro. Russell's interests as executive warrior? When? How typed in each case? Where was Bro. Russell entrenched? The sifters? How typed in each case? For what did he long in the first experience? How typed? Under what circumstance? With what results? How typed in each case? What did he do with it? How typed? What did he then do with it? How typed? Why? How typed? What similar experiences involved the second one? How typed? The third one? How typed? What is a summary of these things? How typed? 

(23) Who was Bro. Russell's fourth mightiest warrior? How typed? What was his special warrior deed? How typed? How did he rank in fame and order in his group of three? How typed in each case? To whom was he inferior? How typed? Who was the seventh mightiest of Bro. Russell's warriors? What four of his deeds are of particular note? How typed in each case? How did he rank in fame and order among his involved three? How typed? Than whom did he have a more honorable place? How typed? To whom was he inferior by express mention? By implication? How typed? To what did Bro. Russell appoint him? How typed? 

(24) How many of David's warriors are mentioned in 2 Sam. 23:8-39? What three British brethren are the antitypes of the second set of three? To whom do the other 34 correspond? Where are they set forth as such in writing? In picture? What two auxiliary pilgrims are pictured with them? How many of them are set forth by explicit deeds? How many without them? How many of David's warriors are noted in 1 Chron. 11:11-47? Whom do the 14 additional warriors represent? Who were they? Of what kinds as to time of service were the rest of the pilgrims? Who are omitted from both lists and from the 70? Despite what? What are we unable to do with all of the 51, type and antitype? 

(25) After the Truth and nominal-church sifters found 

David's Earlier Reign—Type and Antitype. 

137 

out Bro. Russell's recognized leadership, what did they do? How typed? Perceiving this, what did Bro. Russell do? How typed? On what did the sifters take their stand? How typed? What two things did this move Bro. Russell to ask of the Lord? How typed in each case? What were God's answers? How typed? Accordingly, what did Bro. Russell do? How typed? What resulted? How typed? To whom did he ascribe the victory? How typed? To what did he ascribe it? How typed? How did he set forth the sifters' thoughts? How typed? What did the sifters and Bro. Russell and his supporters respectively do with the formers' creed idols? How typed? 

(26) What again did the Truth and nominal-church sifters do? How typed? Thereupon what did Bro. Russell do? How typed? What was the answer in its two forms? How typed? What was he to do by a positive statement of the pertinent Truth? How typed? Why do mulberry trees type defiling sifting leaders? What was Bro. Russell further given to understand? How typed? What was he then to do? How typed? Why? How typed? What did he then do? How typed? 

(27) Despite what will 2 Sam. 21:15-22 and 1 Chron. 20:4-8 be treated here? What did divisional sectarianism do? How typed? What did Bro. Russell, etc., do? How typed? What did he do in 1905? How typed? Under what circumstances? How typed? Who succored him? Under what circumstances? How typed? What did he accomplish? How typed? 

(28) Whose pertinent exploits are given in 18-22; 4-8? What did the first of the three do? How typed? The second? How typed? What were the characteristics of the third pertinent sifter? How typed? What did the third brother do to him? How typed? What were the abilities of these four sifters? How typed? What did they experience? How typed? 

(29) What did God send to Bro. Russell? How typed? What else? How typed? What did these do to him? How typed? What assurance did these things give Bro. Russell? How typed? How did he preside over the Lord's people? How typed? What did the leading pilgrims do? How typed? The subordinate executives? How typed? The leading priestly crown-retainers and crown-losers? How typed? Certain article-writers? How typed? Special guards? How typed? 

The Parousia Messenger (Vol. 2). 

138 

Those helping toward and in consecration? How typed? Those especially enlightened? How typed? The 13 brothers in the 11 courses? How typed? 

(30) Of whom, generally speaking, do the Psalms prophesy? What are some exceptions to this rule? Please give a brief interpretation of 2 Sam. 22:1-17 and Ps. 18:1-16 verse by verse. 

(31) Please give a brief exposition of 2 Sam. 22:18-40 and Ps. 18:17-39 verse by verse as given above. 

(32) Please give a brief exposition of 2 Sam. 22:41-51 and Ps. 18:40-50 verse by verse. 

(33) What will be done with 2 Sam. 6 and 7 and parts of 8? Why? What will now be studied? Where is not a parallel record thereto given? Of what does 2 Sam. 9 treat? How typed? What is a description of a certain kind of Truth servants? How typed? To whose attention were they brought? How typed? What did Bro. Russell say to them? How typed? What was their answer? How typed? What did Bro. Russell then ask them? How typed? What assurance did he give? How typed? What answer was given? How typed? What further did Bro. Russell ask? How typed? What answer was given? How typed? What did Bro. Russell then do? How typed? After coming into the Truth how did they act toward Bro. Russell? How typed? What did Bro. Russell then do to them? Why? How typed? How did they respond? How typed? 

(34) What did he then seek to do to them? How? How typed? Of what did he assure them? How typed? What did he promise them? How typed? What further privilege did he offer them? How typed? What was their response? How typed? What pertinent thing did he say? How typed? What charges and assurances did he give? How typed in each case? 

(35) Into what two groups were these Truth servants divided? How typed? What is the significance of the involved typical numbers and their sum? What did these Truth servants undertake? How typed? For what did Bro. Russell next arrange? How typed? What did these most faithful crown-losers have among them? How typed? What did their helpers do for the former? How typed? In what condition did the most faithful crown-losers remain? How typed? What did they continue to do? What was their condition in character respects? How typed? 

‍